The system was created as a defensive countermeasure to the rocket threat against Israel's civilian population on its northern and southern borders. Es besitzt einen konventionellen Gefechtskopf. A-35 was upgraded during the 1980s to a two-layer system, the A-135. [29] India became the fourth nation in the world to acquire such a capability and the third nation to acquire it using in-house research and development. In den Vereinigten Staaten gab es Planungen, Systeme zur Blendung des Suchkopfes auch in aktuelle Verkehrsflugzeuge einzubauen, da in einigen Regionen der Welt mit Anschlägen durch tragbare Luftabwehrraketen (MANPADS, wie z. This was, however, just prior to the emergence of high-speed computing systems in the 1950s. Lasers originally developed for the SDI plan are currently in use for astronomical observations. Synonyms [ edit ] The U.S. Diese Seite wurde zuletzt am 7. Later research indicated that some planned technologies such as X-ray lasers were not feasible with then-current technology. Block 1 is an iteration funded by France and Italy for use in the land-based SAMP/T BMD system. Digital object identifier: Articles with dead external links from November 2014, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2014, Articles incorporating text from Wikipedia, National missile defense#Recent developments, Multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle, Anti-missile defence for Europe – guidelines drawn from the symposium, A US Missile Defence Shield in Europe? On 18 October 2010, France announced a successful tactical ABM test of the Aster 30 missile[24] and on 1 December 2011 a successful interception of a Black Sparrow ballistic target missile. United States Navy RIM-161 Standard Missile 3 anti-ballistic missile. Sie verfügen über spezielle Flugabwehrraketen, die anfliegende militärische Raketen oder Marschflugkörper zerstören sollen. The Russian Ground-Based Midcourse Defense (GMD; previously known as National Missile Defense – NMD) system has recently reached initial operational capability. Die Systeme sind üblicherweise mit Feststoffantrieb ausgerüstet und erreichen Höchstgeschwindigkeiten über Mach 2 bis Mach 10. A more advanced project was at CARDE in Canada, which researched the main problems of ABM systems. B. Stinger) gerechnet wird. A key problem with any radar system is that the signal is in the form of a cone, which spreads with distance from the transmitter. The next day, the Russian Federation promptly dropped the START II agreement, intended to completely ban MIRVs. McNamara, a private ABM opponent because of cost and feasibility (see cost-exchange ratio), claimed that Sentinel would be directed not against the Soviet Union's missiles (since the USSR had more than enough missiles to overwhelm any American defense), but rather against the potential nuclear threat of the People's Republic of China. The Patriot antiaircraft missile was the first deployed tactical ABM system, although it was not designed from the outset for that task and consequently had limitations. In terms of organization, during 1993 SDI was reorganized as the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO). Now it was clear that an ABM system would always be many times more expensive than the ICBMs they defended against. [19][20] The sources suggest the system is not operationally deployed as of 2010. The anti-ballistic missile is a tier 2 (T2) missile from the ICBM mod.Their ultimate purpose is totake down "hostile" missiles (any foreign missiles). Development in Republic of China (Taiwan), American Nike-X of 1960s and plans of Sentinel, The Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty of 1972, Transformation of SDI into MDA, development of NMD/GMD, U.S withdrawal from Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty in 2002. The Nike Zeus was expected to cost about $1 million, about the same as an ICBM. It will have a Kill Vehicle warhead. The UK’s Nuclear U-Turn (April 1, 2021) China Flight-Tests Missile Interceptors (April 1, 2021) Treaties and Agreements. They also studied a number of missile airframe designs, a new and much more powerful solid rocket fuel, and numerous systems for testing it all. Seegestützte Systeme dienen in erster Linie dem Selbstschutz eines Schiffes gegen Seezielflugkörper, landgestützte Systeme dienen meist zum Schutz wichtiger militärischer oder ziviler Anlagen (Objektschutz). Technological and Aerospace Committee. Durchstöbern Sie 25 anti ballistic missile Stock-Videos und Clips, die Sie in Ihren Projekten nutzen können. der Raketensilos konzipiert. A much larger missile, the Fakel 5V61 (known in the west as Galosh), was developed to carry the larger warhead and carry it much further from the launch site. During the test, the target missile was intercepted at a 50 km (31 mi) altitude. China-produced HQ-9 SAM system[13] may possess terminal ABM capabilities. anti-ballistic missile n. A defensive missile designed to meet and destroy a ballistic missile, i.e., a missile carrying some nuclear, chemical, biological, or other agent intended to inflict harm on its victims. Die Sowjetunion beließ das ABM-System S-225 (ABM-3) trotz des Verbots durch den ABM-Vertrag von 1972 noch bis 1978 einsatzbereit, danach folgte die A-135. an initiative to develop and deploy a multi-layered ballistic missile defence system to protect India from ballistic missile attacks. Als die Kosten explodierten, wurde das Programm verkleinert, von nun an stand der Schutz der Startsilos für Interkontinentalraketen im Mittelpunkt. It has a longer range, but it is not known if it will be able to intercept ICBMs. Das indische ABM-System beinhaltet zwei Raketen. Testing ABM technology continued during the 1990s with mixed success. Safeguard protected only the main fields of US ICBMs from attack, theoretically ensuring that an attack could be responded to with a US launch, enforcing the mutually assured destruction principle. Japanese guided missile destroyer JDS Kongō firing a Standard Missile 3 anti-ballistic missile. [19][21], On January 27, 2013, China did another anti ballistic missile test. The new project encompassing all of these upgrades was launched as Nike-X. The US Army accelerated development of their LIM-49 Nike Zeus system in response. Als Raketenabwehr wird Militärtechnik bezeichnet, die dem Erkennen und der Abwehr feindlicher Raketen dient. Nike Zeus failed to be a credible defence in an era of rapidly increasing ICBM counts due to its ability to attack only one target at a time. Während des Kalten Krieges existierten ABM-Systeme sowohl in der Sowjetunion als auch in den Vereinigten Staaten. In an arms race the defense would always win. [9], In March 2006, China tested an interceptor system comparable to the U.S. Patriot missiles.[10][11][12]. But defences against Soviet long-range bombers took priority until 1957, when the Soviet Union demonstrated its advances in intercontinental ballistic missile technology with the launch of Sputnik, the Earth's first artificial satellite. China is the second country after US that demonstrated intercepting ballistic missile with a kinetic kill vehicle, the interceptor missile was a SC-19. There are only two systems in the world that can intercept ICBMs. During 1998, Defense secretary William Cohen proposed spending an additional $6.6 billion on intercontinental ballistic missile defense programs to build a system to protect against attacks from North Korea or accidental launches from Russia or China.[47]. Ursprünglich verwendete das System zwei Lenkwaffentypen: Die Exo-Atmosphärischen Abfanglenkwaffen 51T6 (NATO: Gorgon), sowie die Endo-Atmosphärischen Abfanglenkwaffen 53T6 (NATO: Gazelle). Das PAD ist eine zweistufige Abfangrakete, mit Flüssig- und Festtreibstoffstufe. Verschiedene technische, wirtschaftliche und politische Gründe führten zum ABM-Vertrag 1972, welcher die Stationierung von strategischen ABM-Systemen einschränkte, nicht jedoch von taktischen wie MIM-104 Patriot oder S-400 Triumf. [25][26] Royal Navy Type 45 destroyers and French Navy and Italian Navy Horizon -class frigates are armed with PAAMS, using Aster 15 and 30 missiles. Latest ACA Resources. During 1998 the Israeli military conducted a successful test of their Arrow missile. The test was exoatmospheric and done in midcourse[19] phase and with a kinetic kill vehicle. By the time it was cancelled in 1963, potential upgrades had been explored for some time. Zeus was eventually cancelled in 1963. According to scientist V K Saraswat of DRDO, the missiles will work in tandem to ensure a hit probability of 99.8 percent. When this proved infeasible for economic reasons, a much smaller deployment using the same systems was proposed, namely Safeguard (described later). Als Antwort plant Russland ein eigenes System in der Oblast Kaliningrad, u. a. in Jesau (Juschny). The first successful test interception was carried out on 24 November 1960, and the first with a live warhead on 4 March 1961. A-35 was designed for exoatmospheric interceptions, and would have been highly susceptible to a well-arrange attack using multiple warheads and radar black-out techniques. Although primarily designed as an anti-ballistic missile, the SM-3 has also been employed in an anti-satellite capacity against a satellite at the lower end of low Earth orbit. The Soviets retained their Moscow defences. It can be launched from a tier two (T2) launcher platform, manually or, by wiring the missile launcher up to a radar with redstone wire (a radar emits a redstone signal when a missile in a certain range (set by the player) is detected. Die Zerstörung erfolgt entweder über kinetische Wirkung (Hit-To-Kill) oder auch durch Detonationswirkung. Die 51T6 Langstreckenlenkwaffen wurden im Jahr 2003 ausgemustert. The PAD missile has the secondary stage of the Prithvi missile and can reach altitude of 80 km (50 mi). The system had to be guided all the way to an interception, which demanded guidance and control systems that worked within and outside of the atmosphere. So far tests have been successful, and there are planned 11 locations that the PAC-3 will be installed. The experimental success of Nike X persuaded the Lyndon B. Johnson administration to propose a thin ABM defense, that could provide almost complete coverage of the United States. Furthermore it can be configured to can carry less nuclear warheads, but more decoys. [1] 2007 wurde das Northrop Grumman Guardian eingeführt. The U.S. designated their ICBM sites near Grand Forks Air Force Base, North Dakota, where Safeguard was already under advanced development. German foreign minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier expressed severe concerns about the way in which the U.S. had conveyed its plans to its European partners and criticised the U.S. administration for not having consulted Russia prior to announcing its endeavours to deploy a new missile defence system in Central Europe. During 1993, a symposium was held by western European nations to discuss potential future ballistic missile defence programs. Ursprünglich sollten verstreute Nike-Systeme die amerikanischen Städte als „last-ditch defense“ beschützen, die Spartan-Rakete hingegen erlaubte es, Ziele in hunderten von Kilometern Entfernung zu zerstören. Dieses Safeguard genannte System sollte sowjetische Atomangriffe auf die Startsilos abwehren, um den Vereinigten Staaten als Teil der mutual assured destruction-Strategie die Möglichkeit eines Gegenschlages zu garantieren. By the ABM treaty and a 1974 revision, each country was allowed to deploy a mere 100 ABMs to protect a single, small area. In 2008 an SM-3 missile launched from a Ticonderoga-class cruiser, the USS Lake Erie, successfully intercepted a non-functioning satellite.[44][45]. Sie warnten 2001 vor einem neuen Wettrüsten im Weltraum. The Israeli Arrow missile system was tested initially during 1990, before the first Gulf War. In 2002 it was renamed to Missile Defense Agency (MDA). The Arrow was supported by the United States throughout the 1990s. During the short Gaza War of November 2012, Iron Dome interceptors destroyed 84% of incoming missiles. Da das System in den 1980er-Jahren installiert wurde, entspricht es vermutlich dem Stand der Technik dieser Jahre. While the Reagan era Strategic Defense Initiative was intended to shield against a massive Soviet attack, during the early 1990s, President George H. W. Bush called for a more limited version using rocket-launched interceptors based on the ground at a single site. Um militärische Fahrzeuge zu schützen, werden abstandsaktive Schutzmaßnahmen verwendet. In 1958, a topic of research by the U.S. was the test explosions of several low yield nuclear weapons at very high altitudes over the southern Atlantic ocean, launched from ships. At the speeds the V-2 flew at, this required guns of effectively infinite reaction time, or some sort of weapon with ranges on the order of dozens of miles, neither of which appeared possible. anti-ballistic missile (plural anti-ballistic missiles) ( military , rocketry ) A missile designed to shoot down ballistic missiles in flight. This simply added to the need to have several interceptors for each warhead in order to provide geographical coverage. Additionally, significant concerns about its ability to successfully intercept warheads in the presence of high-altitude nuclear explosions, including its own, lead to the conclusion that the system would simply be too costly for the very low amount of protection it could provide. Gobarev, Victor (2001). S-300PMU-2 vehicles. The dummy warhead was destroyed by the impact of 16,000 tungsten-carbide spherical impactors 140 seconds after launch, at an altitude of 25 km (82,000 ft).[39]. Diese Pläne wurden in den USA daher wegen der angezweifelten Effizienz und der hohen Kosten aufgegeben. The Allies launched Operation Crossbow to find and destroy V-2s before launch, but these operations were largely ineffective. [31] This missile is an Endoatmospheric interceptor with an altitude of 30 km (19 mi). Das russische A-135-ABM-System zum Schutz von Moskau und seiner Agglomeration ist weiterhin im Einsatz. A new version of the Hawk missile was tested during the early to mid-1990s and by the end of 1998 the majority of US Marine Corps Hawk systems were modified to support basic theater anti-ballistic missile capabilities. anti-ballistic missile limitation des systèmes de défense antimissile The integrity and validity of the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty must be preserved. Aster 30 is capable of ballistic missile defense. On 7 April 2011, the system successfully intercepted a Grad rocket launched from Gaza for the first time. In den 1980er Jahren machte die Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) Ronald Reagans Schlagzeilen, die die Entwicklung teilweise satellitengestützter Raketenabwehrsysteme zum Inhalt hatte. Combat effectiveness of newer systems against 1950s tactical ballistic missiles seems very high, as the Patriot Advanced Capability 3 (PAC-3) had a 100% success rate in Operation Iraqi Freedom.[4]. Der Vertrag wurde am 13. Die Rakete des Typs SH-11 Gorgon sollte Ziele außerhalb der Atmosphäre zerstören. President Bush referenced the 9/11 attacks and the proliferation of ballistic missiles as reasons for missile defense. Mit finanzieller Unterstützung der Vereinigten Staaten entwickelten die Israelis das Arrow Raketenabwehrsystem. Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (ABM Treaty), arms control treaty ratified in 1972 between the United States and the Soviet Union to limit deployment of missile systems that could theoretically be used to destroy incoming intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) launched by the other superpower. An anti-ballistic missile (ABM) is a missile designed to counter ballistic missiles. Damit ist Indien nach den USA das zweite Land der Welt, das über diese Technologie zur Abwehr ballistischer Raketen verfügt. As Secretary of Defense McNamara and others have indicated, this was due largely to the development of sophisticated penetration aids (chaff, decoys, nose cones whose wakes were not easily identifiable by radar, etc. Dies soll durch schiffsgestützte (SM-3), mobile landgestützte (THAAD/Patriot) und landgestützte (GBI) Raketen mit kinetischen Gefechtsköpfen realisiert werden. The American armed forces began experimenting with anti-missile missiles soon after World War II, as the extent of German research into rocketry became clear. This missile is equipped with improved systems to overcome anti-ballistic missile shields. Among these were radars capable of scanning much greater volumes of space and able to track many warheads and launch several missiles at once. The Fourth Review of the Treaty on the Limitation of Anti-Ballistic Missile Systems was conducted in Geneva, Switzerland, from September 27 to October 1, 1993. Each line represents the path of a warhead which, were it live, would detonate with the explosive power of twenty-five Hiroshima-style weapons. Passive Systeme sind Selbstschutzsysteme, wie das kontinuierliche Ausstoßen von Täuschkörpern durch Flugzeuge bei Landeanflügen auf Flughäfen in Gebieten, wo Angriffe mit MANPADS befürchtet werden. Although reports suggest a promising system, the ROC government continues to be interested strongly in the American Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) program. The Gorgon (SH-11/ABM-4) long-range missile was designed to handle intercepts outside the atmosphere, and the Gazelle (SH-08/ABM-3) short-range missile endoatmospheric intercepts that eluded Gorgon. Anti-ballistic missile system. 2009 gab US-Präsident Barack Obama bekannt, in Polen und Tschechien keine Anlagen dafür stationieren zu wollen. These would spread out in space, ensuring that a single interceptor would be needed for each warhead. The term "anti-ballistic missile" describes any antimissile system designed to counter ballistic missiles. Also wurde das Konzept zu einem „Schutzschild“ für die gesamten Vereinigte Staaten umgemünzt, das als Sentinel bezeichnet wurde. Also France is developing another version, Aster 30 block II which can destroy ballistic missiles with a maximum range of 3000 km. The current GMD system has the more limited goal of shielding against a limited attack by a rogue state. It has relatively little ABM (Anti-Ballistic Missile) capability, however it can theoretically intercept a short range ballistic missile in its final stage, low in the atmosphere. Further development continued, and the A-35 anti-ballistic missile system, designed to protect Moscow, became operational in 1971. Die Sowjetunion schützte ab 1963 die Hauptstadt Moskau als politisches und wirtschaftliches Zentrum Russlands mit dem A-35-System (DIA-Code: ABM-1 NATO-Codename: SAM-1). The S-300VM "Antey-2500" (NATO reporting name SA-23 Gladiator\Giant) is a Russian anti-ballistic missile system. SDI remained a research program and was never deployed. The name Brilliant Pebbles comes from the small size of the satellite interceptors and great computational power enabling more autonomous targeting. A wartime study by Bell Labs into the task of shooting down ballistic missiles in flight concluded it was not possible. The A-135 system is considered to be technologically equivalent to the United States Safeguard system of 1975.[40]. The RIM-161 Standard Missile 3 (SM-3) is a ship-based missile system used by the United States Navy to intercept short- and intermediate-range ballistic missiles as a part of Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense System. Other European ministers commented that any change of strategic weapons should be negotiated on NATO level and not 'unilaterally' between the U.S. and other states (although most strategic arms reduction treaties were between the Soviet Union and U.S., not NATO). Submarine basing of the ICBMs allow to survive the first strike. [36] This led to allied efforts to advance over their launching sites in Belgium and the Netherlands. Trouvez les Anti Ballistic Missile Treaty images et les photos d’actualités parfaites sur Getty Images. Approved for acquisition by the Pentagon during 1991 but never realized, Brilliant Pebbles was a proposed space-based anti-ballistic system that was meant to avoid some of the problems of the earlier SDI concepts. The main missile was LIM-49 Spartan—a Nike Zeus upgraded for longer range and a much larger 5 megatonne warhead intended to destroy enemy's warheads with a burst of x-rays outside the atmosphere. A military spokesman[27] said that tests had been done on two sites, one of them a business park in central Tokyo, and Ichigaya – a site not far from the Imperial Palace. [34], The Arrow 3 system is presently being developed, and, if successful, will be capable of exo-atmosphere interception of ballistic missiles, including of ICBMs.[35]. Die NATO plant seit dem ersten Jahrzehnt des 21. Im November 2006 testete Indien erfolgreich das PAD. The initial concept envisioned large sophisticated orbiting laser battle stations, space-based relay mirrors, and nuclear-pumped X-ray laser satellites. First called the National Missile Defense (NMD), since 2002 it was renamed Ground-Based Midcourse Defense (GMD). CARDE considered using a terminal guidance system to address the accuracy concerns, and developed several advanced infrared detectors for this role. [32], An Arrow anti-ballistic missile interceptor, The Arrow project was begun after the U.S. and Israel agreed to co-fund it on 6 May 1986.[33]. Das System verwendete den Raketentyp SH-01 Galosh mit Nukleargefechtskopf und wurde an vier Stellen rund um Moskau gebaut. The George W. Bush administration accelerated development and deployment of a system proposed in 1998 by the Clinton administration. The Arrow ABM system was designed and constructed in Israel with financial support by the United States by a multi-billion dollar development program called "Minhelet Homa" with the participation of companies like Israel Military Industries, Tadiran and Israel Aerospace Industries. Es war in der Lage, Ziele außerhalb der Atmosphäre zu zerstören, eine „last ditch“-Komponente wie die Sprint-Rakete beim amerikanischen Safeguard-System war nicht vorhanden. SCR-584's could be used to plot the trajectories of the missiles and provide some warning, but were more useful in backtracking their ballistic trajectory and determining the rough launch locations. Assembly of the Western European Union. Choisissez parmi des contenus premium Anti Ballistic Missile Treaty de la plus haute qualité. In several tests, the U.S. military have demonstrated the feasibility of destroying long and short range ballistic missiles. Zu diesem Zweck wurden zum Beispiel israelische Green-Pine-Radaranlagen erworben. "The early development of Russia's ballistic missile defense system". Obwohl mittlerweile verschiedene Raketenabwehr-Systeme existieren, nutzt keine weitere Fluggesellschaft diese Technologie. Besides them, many smaller systems exist (tactical ABMs), that generally cannot intercept intercontinental strategic missiles, even if within range—an incoming ICBM simply moves too fast for these systems. As research continued, SDI evolved through various concepts as designers struggled with the difficulty of such a large complex defense system. Joint Communique: Fourth Review Of The Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty. Technical, economic and political problems described resulted in the ABM treaty of 1972, which restricted the deployment of strategic (not tactical) anti-ballistic missiles. In the meantime a public debate over the merit of ABMs began. In allen Fällen werden die anfliegenden ballistischen Raketen im Weltall zerstört. Inzwischen verfügen eine Reihe weiterer Staaten über taktische Raketen-Abwehrsysteme. Natolin Analyses 7(20)/2007, "55% Polaków przeciw budowie tarczy (55% of Poles against building the Shield)", http://wiadomosci.wp.pl/wiadomosc.html?kat=1342&wid=9029388&ticaid=146b1, http://www.globalsecurity.org/space/ops/oif-patriot.htm, http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/russia/abm1.htm, Russian Anti-Ballistic Guided Missile Systems, "Project 640: China's National Missile Defence in the '70s", http://www.sinodefence.com/special/airdefence/project640.asp, http://english.donga.com/srv/service.php3?bicode=060000&biid=2006032829898, "Chinese Version of Patriot Interceptor Said Undergoing Tests", http://www.missilethreat.com/archives/id.537/detail.asp, "Pentagon Received No Warning of Chinese Missile Defense Test", http://www.globalsecuritynewswire.org/gsn/nw_20100112_1311.php, "HongQi 9 (HQ-9) Surface-to-Air Missile System", http://www.sinodefence.com/army/surfacetoairmissile/hongqi9.asp, "HQ-18 (S-300V) (China) – Jane's Strategic Weapon Systems", http://articles.janes.com/articles/Janes-Strategic-Weapon-Systems/HQ-18-S-300V-China.html, http://www.missilethreat.com/missiledefensesystems/id.29/system_detail.asp, http://www.sinodefence.com/special/airdefence/fortress-china4.asp, "China Adds Precision Strike To Capabilities", http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_channel.jsp?channel=defense&id=news/CHINA040809.xml&headline=China%20adds%20precision%20strike%20to%20capabilities, "Demarche Following China's January 2010 Intercept Flight-Test", http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/wikileaks-files/china-wikileaks/8299323/DEMARCHE-FOLLOWING-CHINAS-JANUARY-2010-INTERCEPT-FLIGHT-TEST.html, http://web.archive.org/web/20100114072145/http://mil.news.sina.com.cn/2010-01-12/0247580308.html, http://www.globalsecuritynewswire.org/gsn/nw_20100114_5918.php, http://english.ruvr.ru/2013_01_28/China-test-fires-defensive-missile/, http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-NOTAM-140110-1.html, "SAMP/T Successful on First European Missile Defense Intercept Test", http://defense-update.com/wp/20101126_samp_t.html, "Premier tir anti-balistique | Blog de la DE", "Une première en France : un missile intercepté par un antimissile Aster", http://www.marianne2.fr/blogsecretdefense/m/Une-premiere-en-France-un-missile-intercepte-par-un-antimissile-Aster_a442.html?com, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/7188698.stm, Interview: Vijay Kumar Saraswat Chief Controller of Research and Development, India's DRDO, Prithvi Mission Milestone in Missile Defence, "INDIA successfully conducts interceptor supersonic missile test", http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=33815, "India on way to joining exclusive BMD club", http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India_on_way_to_joining_exclusive_BMD_club/rssarticleshow/2570683.cms, http://www.policyalmanac.org/world/archive/crs_israeli-us_relations.shtml, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/6352659.stm, http://www.jpost.com/Defense/Israel-successfully-tests-Davids-Slings-interceptor, http://www.fas.org/spp/starwars/program/soviet/990600-bmd-rus.htm, Patriot system performance – report summary, "DoD Succeeds In Intercepting Non-Functioning Satellite", http://web.archive.org/web/20080226105236/http://www.defenselink.mil/releases/release.aspx?releaseid=11704, "Navy Succeeds In Intercepting Non-Functioning Satellite", http://web.archive.org/web/20080225234718/http://www.navy.mil/search/display.asp?story_id=35114, Article on Missile Threat Shift to the Black Sea region, Video of the Endo-Atmospheric Interceptor missile system test by India, Video of the Exo-Atmospheric interceptor missile system test by India, The unofficial website of the Stanley R. Mickelson Safeguard complex, Intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM), Submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM), Intermediate-range ballistic missile (IRBM), https://military.wikia.org/wiki/Anti-ballistic_missile?oldid=4623351. Anti-ballistic missile TBA TBA Hit-to-kill: TBD In development XR-SAM Long range surface to air missile: 350 km (220 mi) High explosive TBD In development Other systems. In order to intercept a missile, one needs to be able to steer the attack onto the missile before it hits. Other countries were also involved in early ABM research. Ursprünglich sollten wie beim US-amerikanischen Sentinel-Programm mehrere Städte geschützt werden, dies wurde aber mit dem ABM-Vertrag 1972 verboten. via FAS. Für mechanisierte Formationen steht das System S-300W zur Verfügung. The Alaska site provides more protection against North Korean missiles or launches from Russia or China, but is likely less effective against missiles launched from the Middle East. Italy and France have developed a missile family called Aster (Aster 15 and Aster 30). The Moscow ABM defense system is able to intercept ICBM warheads, and is based on: Apart from the main Moscow deployment, Russia has striven actively for intrinsic ABM capabilities of its SAM systems. In summary, the MIRV made ABM economically ineffective, and practically non-workable. Main article: RIM-161 Standard Missile 3 Since 1998, when North Korea launched a Taepodong-1 missile over northern Japan, the Japanese have been jointly developing a new surface-to-air interceptor known as the Patriot Advanced Capability 3 (PAC-3) with the US.