[4] This achievement surpassed the 300 bar (30,000 kPa) record set by the RD-701 engine and set a new record for the highest pressure ever reached in a rocket engine combustion chamber. [75] In addition to orbital spaceflight missions, BFR is being considered for the point-to-point Earth transportation market,[78] with ~30–60-minute flights being available between any two points on the globe. [18][19], The Raptor engine is powered by subcooled liquid methane and subcooled liquid oxygen in a full-flow staged combustion cycle, a departure from the simpler "open-cycle" gas generator system and LOX/kerosene propellants that current Merlin engines use. [6][21] Elon Musk stated that Raptor was capable of much lower throttle. [22], Raptor has been claimed to be able to deliver "long life ... and more benign turbine environments". While the optimized Raptor vacuum engine is aiming for an Isp of ~380 s (3,700 m/s),[100] the v1.0 Raptor vac design to support early Starship development has been made more conservative and is projecting an Isp of only 365–370 s (3,580–3,630 m/s), intentionally decreasing engine performance to obtain having test engines sooner. ... SN40 ... has several upgrades over 330 bar engine. [82] Just four days later, the test engine achieved the power levels needed for use in SpaceX Starship. SpaceX intends this approach to bring significant cost savings which will help the company justify the development expense of designing and building the new launch vehicle design. A key driver of the 2017 architecture was to make the new system useful for substantial Earth-orbit and cislunar launches so that the new system might pay for itself, in part, through economic spaceflight activities in the near-Earth space zone. [22], The stated design size for the Raptor engine varied widely during 2012–2017 as detailed design continued, from a high target of 8,200 kN (1,800,000 lbf) of vacuum thrust[23] to a more recent, much lower target of 1,900 kN (430,000 lbf). An abnormally low methane feed pressure caused SN8 to fail its landing maneuver and be destroyed.[96]. The higher-efficiency Raptor Vacuum engines for in-space conditions was envisioned then to target a specific impulse of 382s, using a much larger nozzle giving an expansion ratio of 200. [29] Jeff Thornburg, who led development of the Raptor engine at SpaceX 2011–2015, noted that methane rocket engines have higher performance than kerosene/RP-1 and lower than hydrogen, with significantly fewer problems for long-term, multi-start engine designs than kerosene—methane is cleaner burning—and significantly lower cost than hydrogen, coupled with the ability to "live off the land" and produce methane directly from extraterrestrial sources. SpaceX successfully completed a "round of main injector testing in late 2014" and a "full-power test of the oxygen preburner component" for Raptor by June 2015. [25], Raptor motoruna güç, sıvı metan ve sıvı oksijen karışımı ile daha verimli aşamalı yanma döngüsü kullanılarak sağlanacaktır,[16] bu da, Merlin motorlarının kullandığı 'açık döngülü' Gaz-üreteci sisteminden ve LOX/kerosen itki üreten yakıtlarından vazgeçildiğini göstermektedir. Malgré les images très impressionnantes, ce vol est une vraie réussite. [65] [25] The 2016 subscale development engine had 40% (by mass) of its parts manufactured by 3D printing. Une première mise à feu tonitruante C'est le tout premier test grandeur nature pour le moteur Raptor. [84] [66] The engine had 1 MN (220,000 lbf) thrust, which makes it approximately one-third the size of the full-scale Raptor engine planned for flight tests in 2019/2020 timeframe. [38][39][needs update], Initial development testing[37] of Raptor methane engine components was done at the Stennis Space Center in Hancock County, Mississippi, where SpaceX added equipment to the existing infrastructure in order to support liquid methane engine testing. As of September 2017[update], the first version of the flight engine is intended to operate at a chamber pressure of 250 bars (25 MPa; 3,600 psi), with the intent to raise it to 300 bars (30 MPa; 4,400 psi) at a later time. [55] In April 2014, SpaceX completed the requisite upgrades and maintenance to the Stennis test stand to prepare for testing of Raptor components,[56] and the engine component testing program began in earnest, focusing on the development of robust startup and shutdown procedures, something that is typically quite difficult to do for full-flow staged combustion cycle engines. Sources differed on the performance of the test engine. Après un décollage parfait, le vaisseau s’est ensuite écrasé au sol. These are just guesses for now. Pour la suite, SpaceX a tenté et réussi un nouveau test statique ce vendredi 26 mars. SpaceX buradaki test altyapısına, sıvı metan motorunun test edilebilmesi için, yeni donanım eklemiştir. Ces derniers, développés actuellement, fonctionnent au méthane et à l’oxygène liquides (le moteur Raptor du lanceur Starship de SpaceX a depuis suivi le même choix). In reporting during the two weeks following the Musk ITS launch vehicle reveal on 27 September, NASASpaceFlight reported that the development engine was only one-third the size of any of the several larger engine designs that were discussed for the later flight vehicles. * denotes unflown vehicles or engines, and future missions or sites. "[76] This alloy is known as SX500 which is used to contain hot oxygen gas in the engine at up to 12000 psi. Raptor metan motoru bileşenlerinin ilk testi Stennis Uzay Merkezinde yapılmıştır. [5] [74] Raptor (Türkçe: Yırtıcı Kuş),SpaceX tarafından geliştirilen, Kriyojenik[3] metan-yakıtlı roket motorları ailesinin ilk üyesidir.Özel olarak, SpaceX süper-ağır fırlatma araçlarının yüksek verimli aşağı ve yukarı aşamalarında kullanılması hedeflenmektedir. A horizontal translation and descent onto a nearby landing pad concluded the roughly 1 minute flight. Les deux extraits publiés ce dimanche 3 février ont été tournés au QG de SpaceX … [7][8], By March, serial number 2 (SN2) of the flight version Raptor engine had been delivered to the SpaceX South Texas Launch Site east of Brownsville, Texas for system integration testing on Starhopper, the first test article of Starship,[86] approximately one year ahead of schedule. [3], On September 3, 2020, Raptor SN29 propelled Starship SN6 to an altitude of 150 metres (490 ft) at the Boca Chica test facility; as with Starship SN5, the engine was mounted off center and controlled the prototype during the entire flight, which lasted for approximately 45 seconds. Will go over specs for both versions on Tues", "based on your other specs, is that like a ~14 foot diameter nozzle? Explosion en vol. SpaceX travaille depuis 2011 à la conception d'un nouveau moteur baptisé Raptor. He also disclosed that it used multi-stage turbopumps. [citation needed] In its 2017 iteration, the operational engine is expected to have a vacuum Isp of 382 s (3,750 m/s) and a sea-level Isp of 334 s (3,280 m/s). [63], In January 2016, the US Air Force awarded a US$33.6 million development contract to SpaceX to develop a prototype version of its methane-fueled reusable Raptor engine for use on the upper stage of the Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy launch vehicles, which required double-matching funding by SpaceX of at least US$67.3 million. Elon Musk est en effet ravi. By July 2017, the plan had been modified to do flight testing on a much smaller launch vehicle and spacecraft, and the new system architecture had "evolved quite a bit" since the ITS concept from 2016. SpaceX a ainsi montré être capable de contrôler son nouveau moteur Raptor, celui qui équipera in fine Starship Super Heavy, la plus grosse fusée de l'entreprise. [16] [31], The Raptor engine uses a large number of coaxial swirl injectors[32] to admit propellants to the combustion chamber, rather than pintle injectors used on the previous Merlin rocket engines that SpaceX mass-produced for its Falcon family of launch vehicles. [22] In addition, three gimbaled sea-level Raptor engines would be used for performing landings of the ITS second stage on Earth and on Mars. 2014 Ağustos ayında, SpaceX Stennis tesisinde test edilen ilk bileşenlerin yüksek-hacimli gaz enjektörleri olduğunu açıklamıştır. [22] It performed an initial 9-second firing test on 26 September 2016, the day before Musk's talk at the International Aeronautical Congress. On 2 February 2021, Starship prototype SN9, basically similar vehicle as the SN8, was launched to an altitude of about 10 km (33,000ft). Motorun en son itki ve Isp değerleri, SpaceX motoru çok-yıllık geliştirme döngüsünden geçirirken, önemli ölçüde değişecektir. [33], In 2019 the (marginal) cost of the engine was stated to be approaching $1 million. Le Raptor est un moteur-fusée alimenté par du méthane liquide [1] et de l'oxygène liquide (LOX) [2], développé et fabriqué par SpaceX.Il équipe les étages inférieurs et supérieurs du lanceur super-lourd Starship construit par SpaceX. "[7], Raptor Vacuum[99] (also RVac) is a variant of Raptor with an extended, regeneratively-cooled nozzle for higher specific impulse in vacuum conditions. Crédit : SpaceX. Both streams—oxidizer and fuel—will be mixed completely in the gas phase before they enter the combustion chamber. [21] Après un décollage parfait, le vaisseau s’est ensuite écrasé au sol. [62] By August 2015, an Elon Musk statement surfaced that indicated the oxidizer to fuel ratio of the engine would be approximately 3.8 to 1. [10], Bu durum 2012 Kasım ayında, şirketin CEO'su Elon Musk SpaceX'in itki sistemleri bölümünün yeni hedefinin metan-yakıtlı roket motoru geliştirmek olduğunu duyurunca açıklık kazanmıştır. [88][89] A second tethered test followed just two days later, on 5 April 2019. On 26 September 2016, Elon Musk tweeted two images of the first test firing of an integrated Raptor in SpaceX's McGregor test complex. In addition, a much smaller subscale development engine had already been built for design validation purposes At that time, this first subscale Raptor development engine had recently been tested on a ground test stand, but for only one brief firing. [22], The Raptor subscale development engine produced approximately 1,000 kN (220,000 lbf) thrust. 2014 Şubat ayında, SpaceX roket motoru geliştirme bölümünün başı olan Tom Mueller, bir konuşması sırasında Raptor motorunun; dokuz adet motorunun " yaklaşık 100 ton kadar kargoyu Mars'a götürebilecek" olan bir araçta kullanılmak üzere tasarlandığını ve 4400 kN (1 milyon lbf) itki üretebilen roketin daha önce duyurulduğundan çok daha kuvvetli olacağını açığa vurmuştur. [16] The first items tested were single Raptor injector elements,[64] various designs of high-volume gas injectors. [75][80], The first flight version of the Raptor engine arrived in McGregor, Texas in late January 2019. * Different versions of the engine use different propellant combinations. [75], By September 2017, the 200 bars (20 MPa; 2,900 psi) sub-scale test engine, with a thrust of 1 meganewton (220,000 lbf) and "a new alloy to help its oxygen-rich turbopump resist oxidization, ... had completed 1200 seconds of firings across 42 tests. [18], 2013 Ekim ayında SpaceX, Raptor motorunun metan motoru testlerini John C. Stennis Uzay Merkezinde(John C. Stennis Space Center) gerçekleştireceğini,[19][20] ve varolan test rampa altyapısına sıvı metan yakıtlı motor testini destekleyebilmesi için yeni donanım ekleyeceğini duyurdu. [24] Six of these non-gimbaled engines were planned to provide primary propulsion for the 2016 designs of the ITS second stage. Test edilecek olan ilk parçanın tekli Raptor enjektör öğesi olduğu belirtilmişti. ", "SpaceX launches Starship SN15 rocket and sticks the landing in high-altitude test flight", "Musk unveils revised version of giant interplanetary launch system", "Completed a full duration test fire of the Raptor Vacuum engine at SpaceX's rocket development facility in McGregor, Texas", "Sea level Raptor's vacuum Isp is ~350 sec, but ~380 sec with larger vacuum-optimized nozzle", "V1.0 of Raptor Vac is suboptimal, as optimized for speed of development. I think we can get propellant cost down to ~$100/ton in volume, so ~$500k/flight. Merlin 1C & D motorlarına sahip daha önceki tüm Falcon 9 roketlerinde kullanılmış olan RP-1 kerosen ve LOX karışımı yerine; Raptor motoru yakıt olarak sıvı metan [4] ve sıvı oksijen (LOX),[5] kullanacaktır. [22], By September 2017, the development Raptor engine—with 200 bars (20 MPa; 2,900 psi) chamber pressure—had undergone 1200 seconds of test fire testing in ground-test stands across 42 main engine tests, with the longest test being 100 seconds (which is limited by the capacity of the ground-test propellant tanks). [39], Diğer motor tasarımlarıyla karşılaştırılması, Amerikan Havacılık ve Uzay bilimi Enstitüsü, Yörüngesel roket motorlarının karşılaştırılması, "SpaceX advances drive for Mars rocket via Raptor power", http://spaceref.com/news/viewsr.html?pid=47400, "Musk goes for methane-burning reusable rockets as step to colonise Mars", "SpaceX Could Begin Testing Methane-fueled Engine at Stennis Next Year", "Notes: Space Access'11: Thurs. yanma odasındaki basıncı artırabilme özelliği sayesinde sistemin genel verimi artmaktadır, veya "daha soğuk gazlar kullanıldığından, genel bir aşamalı yanma motoru ile aynı verime ulaşıp kullanılan malzemeler üzerinde daha az fiziksel baskı uygulanmış oluyor, dolayısıyla malzemelerin yıpranma miktarları veya [motorun] ağırlığı azalıyor.". The Raptor engine has more than twice the thrust of SpaceX's Merlin engine that powers their current Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy launch vehicles. [20] The Space Shuttle's RS-25 also used a staged combustion cycle,[21] as do several Russian rocket engines, including the RD-180[20] and the RD-191. "[6] Elon Musk'a göre, bu tasarım (tüm roket aşamalarında) tam "tekrar-kullanılabilirlik" özelliğine erişmeyi başaracak, ve sonuç olarak, "uzay uçuşlarının maliyetlerinde yaklaşık 100 kat kadar düşüş elde edilmesini" sağlayacaktır. [42] In March 2012, news accounts asserted that the Raptor upper-stage engine development program was underway, but that details were not being publicly released. - Afternoon session - Part 2: SpaceX", "SpaceX aims big with massive new rocket", "In-Situ Resource Utilization - Mars Atmosphere/Gas Chemical Processing", "Comparative study of ISRU-based transportation architectures for the Moon and Mars: LOX/LH2 vs. LOX/Methane", "SpaceX's Mars rocket to be methane-fuelled", "NASA Stennis Space Center to Test SpaceX Next Generation Rocket Engines Systems", "Cochran: Space-X Decision Bodes Well for Job Growth in South Mississippi", "SpaceX to Conduct Raptor Engine Testing in Mississippi", "NASA, SpaceX Cut Ribbon To Launch Testing Partnership", "SpaceX propulsion chief elevates crowd in Santa Barbara", "Thrust to weight is optimizing for a surprisingly low thrust level, even when accounting for the added mass of plumbing and structure for many engines. À l’instar de ses prédécesseurs, le SN11 était propulsé par trois des moteurs Raptor. [44] They indicated that details on a new SpaceX rocket would be forthcoming in "one to three years" and that the large engine was intended for the next-generation launch vehicle using multiple of these large engines, that would be expected to launch payload masses of the order of 150 to 200 tonnes (150,000 to 200,000 kg; 330,000 to 440,000 lb) to low Earth orbit, exceeding the payload mass capability of the NASA Space Launch System. SpaceX a testé pour la première fois Raptor, son moteur-fusée qui servira à l'avenir pour la conquête de Mars. [2], Yer altındaki suyun ve Mars'ın atmosferindeki karbon dioksit varlığı nedeniyle, basit bir hidrokarbon olan metan Sabatier Reaksiyonu sayesinde kolayca Mars yüzeyinde sentezlenebilir. [76] The flight engine is designed for extreme reliability, aiming to support the airline-level of safety required by the point-to-point Earth transportation market. [2][23] Bu uyarlamada, itki üreten yakıtta (gazda) daha çok yayılma (expansion) sağlayabilmek üzere daha geniş bir egzoz çıkışı kullanılarak, 380 saniyelik bir özgül itici kuvvet değerine ulaşılması hedeflenmektedir,[1] . In addition, in 2016–2018, a custom prototype upper-stage methalox FFSC Raptor engine was designed and tested for the Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy launch vehicles, strictly for the US Air Force to meet US military space readiness objectives. A full-duration test of version 1 of the Raptor Vacuum engine was completed in September 2020 at the SpaceX development facility in McGregor, Texas. Cite error: A list-defined reference named "spacex-itspresentation201609" is not used in the content (see the help page). The contract required double-matching funding by SpaceX of at least US$67.3 million. [38][103] Substantial additional technical details of the ITS propulsion were summarized in a technical article on the Raptor engine published the next week. [76] The earliest versions of the flight engine is designed to operate at 250 bars (25,000 kPa; 3,600 psi) chamber pressure; but SpaceX expected to increase this to 300 bar (30,000 kPa; 4,400 psi) in later iterations. À l’instar de ses prédécesseurs, le SN11 était propulsé par trois des moteurs Raptor. In September 2016, at the 67th International Astronautical Congress, Musk mentioned several Raptor engine designs that were planned for the Interplanetary Transport System. Le Raptor est un moteur-fusée alimenté par du méthane liquide [1] et de l'oxygène liquide (LOX) [2], développé et fabriqué par SpaceX.Il équipe les étages inférieurs et supérieurs du lanceur super-lourd Starship construit par SpaceX. [2], 2015 Ocak ayında, Elon Musk hedefledikleri itki miktarının 2300 kN (230 ton-kuvvet) olduğunu bildirmiştir ki bu daha önce belirtilen daha azdı. Co se týče regulace tahu motoru, Raptor měl být podle prezentace z roku 2016 schopen tah snížit až na 20 % maxima, ale to se ukázalo jako moc obtížný cíl. Raptor motoru geliştirilirken , Stennis tesisinde yapılan testlere göre hemen hemen aynı zaman dilimi içinde olmak üzere,2013 Ekim ayında yapılan konuşmalara göre, motorun vakumda 2940 kN (661 bin lbf) değerinden daha fazla itki üretmesi tasarlanmıştı. The test was conducted using warm propellant, with expectations of a 10% to 20% increase in performance when switching to deep cryogenic temperatures for the propellant. Raptor motoru, şu an kullanımda olan Falcon 9 uyarlaması Falcon 9 v1.1 roketinin ikinci aşamasına güç sağlayan Merlin 1D vakum motorunun ürettiği itkinin altı katına sahip olması öngörülüyor. The Raptor engine has gone through a number of design concepts for engine thrust, specific impulse, and sea-level-nozzle/vacuum-nozzle sizings, depending on the vehicle design concept SpaceX was working on at the time. SX500 was created by the SpaceX metallurgy team.
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